`mKw 1
{InkvXym\nIfpsS {]Ya AhImihmZw:

{InkvXym\nIÄ¡nSbn hyXykvX `mjIfpw hnhn[§fmb D¨mcW§fpw FÃmw DsWvS¦nepw ss{IkvXhXbpsS ASnØm\ hnizmk§sf hniZam¡m\mWv Cu {KÙImct\mSv Bhiys¸«n«pÅXv F¶dnbn¡s«. Cu sshhn[y§Ä¡v ImcWw AhcpsS B[nIyhpw Icbnepw Zzo]pIfnepsaÃmambn temIamIam\w hym]n¨pInS¡pIbpw kqcymkvXa\ {]tZiw hsc \oWvSpInS¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xv sImWvSmWv. Cu {KÙImc\v ]dbm\pÅ asämcp Imcyw _nj]v Zbm³ F¶ cmPmhv ssk{]kn {]thin¡p¶Xn\v ap¼v AhnSps¯ ]ÞnXscbpw {]amWnamscbpw hnfn¨p hcp¯n P\§fpsS hnizmks¯ kw_Ôn¨v BcmbpIbpWvSmbn. AhcpsS hnizmkImcy¯n At±lw hfsc PnÚmkphmbncp¶psh¶ÀYw. _nj¸v ]dªXmbn Cu {KÙImc³ tcJs¸Sp¯s«. ""AhÀ (Zzo]pImÀ) ]dbp¶p. R§Ä apl½Zv F¶p t]cpÅ Ad_nIÄ¡nSbnse Hcp a\pjy³ Xm³ ssZh¯nsâ ZqX\msW¶pw At±l¯n\v AÃmlphn \n¶v JpÀB³ F¶ {KÙw AhXcn¸n¡s¸Sp¶psWvS¶pw AhImis¸Sp¶Xmbn tIÄ¡pIbpWvSmbn'' AbmÄ XpSÀ¶p ""\n§Ä, Rm³ a\Ênem¡p¶Xpt]mse ap¼pXs¶ Cu ZqXs\bpw {KÙs¯bpw Ipdn¨v tIÄ¡pIbpw AtX¡pdn¨v ]Tn¡m³ Ignhn³]Sn ]cn{ian¡pIbpw sNbvXn«psWvS¦n Xm¦Ä F´p sImWvSv At±ls¯ ]n³]äp¶nÃ. Cu {KÙ¯n hnizkn¡p¶Xn \n¶v F´mWv \n§sf XSbp¶Xv? hninjym B {KÙ¯n C{]Imcw ]dbs¸«ncns¡''
""Ckvemw (ssZh¯n\pÅ BXvamÀ¸Ww) AÃm¯Xns\ Bsc¦nepw aXambn B{Kln¡p¶ ]£w A Xv Ah\n \n¶v Hcn¡epw kzoIcn¡s¸Sp¶XÃ. ]ctemI¯n Ah³ \jvS¡mcn s]«h\pambncn¡pw'' (3:85)
AhÀ adp]Sn ]dªp: ""R§Ä B {KÙ¯nepw {]hmNI\nepw ]e ImcW§fm hnizkn¡p¶hcÃ.'' At±lw tNmZn¨p: ""Fs´ÃmamWv B ImcW§Ä?'' AhÀ ]dªp: ""Cu {KÙw AhXcn¸n¡s¸Sp¶Xv Ad_nbnemWv. R§fpsS `mjbneÃ. B {KÙw C§s\ ]dbp¶p''
""\n§Ä {Kln¡p¶Xn\v thWvSn AXv Ad_n`mjbn hmbn¡s¸Sp¶ Hcp {]amWambn AhXcn¸n¨ncn¡p¶p'' (12:2)
""kv]jvSamb Ad_n `mjbnemWv (AXv AhXcn¸n¨Xv)''(26:195)
AXmbXv, ""\mw AXv A\d_nIfn HcmfpsS ta AhXcn¸n¡pIbpw, F¶n«v AbmÄ AXv AhÀ¡v HmXntIÄ]n¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶psh¦n AhcXn hnizkn¡pambncp¶nÃ'' (26:198þ199)
AXmbXv ""\½psS ZrjvSm´§Ä \n§Ä¡v HmXntIÄ]n¨v XcnIbpw, \n§sf kwkvIcn¡pIbpw, \n§Ä¡v thZhpw hnPvRm\hpw ]Tn¸n¨pXcnIbpw, \n§Ä¡v AdnhnÃm¯Xv \n§Ä¡v Adnbn¨pXcnIbpw sN¿p¶, \n§fpsS Iq«¯n \n¶p Xs¶bpÅ Hcp ZqXs\ \n§fnte¡v \mw \ntbmKn¨Xv (hgn \n§Ä¡v sNbvX A\p{Klw) t]mse¯s¶bmIp¶p CXpw''(2:151)
""XoÀ¨bmbpw kXyhnizmknIfn Ahcn \n¶v Xs¶bpÅ Hcp ZqXs\ \ntbmKn¡pI hgn AÃmlp al¯mb A\p{KlamWv AhÀ¡v \ÂInbn«pÅXv. AÃmlphnsâ ZrjvSm´§Ä AhÀ¡v HmXntIÄ]n¡pIbpw, Ahsc kwkv Icn¡pIbpw, AhÀ¡p {KÙhpw PvRm\hpw ]Tn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ (Hcp ZqXs\). AhcmIs« ap¼v hyIvXamb hgntISn Xs¶bmbncp¶p''(3:164)
""\n\¡v ap¼v Hcp Xm¡oXpImc\pw h¶n«nÃm¯ Hcp P\Xbv¡v \o Xm¡oXv \ÂIphm³ thWvSnbs{X CXv. AhÀ BtemNn¨v a\Ênem¡ntb¡mw''(28:46)
""Hcp P\Xbv¡v \o Xm¡oXv \ÂIphm³ thWvSn. AhcpsS ]nXm¡³amÀ¡v Xm¡oXv \ÂIs¸«n«nÃ. AXn\m AhÀ A{i²bn Ignbp¶hcmIp¶p'' (36:6)
AhÀ Iq«nt¨À¯p: ""BbXn\m R§Ä a\Ênem¡p¶Xv Cu {]hmNI³ R§fnte¡v Ab¡s¸«h\Ã. At±lw Ad_nIfnte¡v am{Xw \ntbmKnX\mWv. ImcWw Ahcnte¡v ZqX·mtcm ap¶dnbn¸pImtcm CXn\v ap¼v h¶n«nÃ. At¸mÄ kzm`mhnIambpw R§Ä Cu ZÀi\¯n DÄs¸Sp¶nÃ. F¶pam{XaÃ, AXn hnizkn¡pItbm ]n³]äpItbm sN¿m³ R§Ä _m[yØcpaÃ. Ad_nIfn \n¶pw hyXykvXambn R§Ä¡v apt¼Xs¶ {]hmNIÀ hcnIbpw R§fpsS `mjbn kwkmcn¡pIbpw R§fpsS ssIIfnepÅ aXw ]Tn¸n¨p XcnIbpw sNbvXp X¶n«pWvSv. AXn R§Ä hnizkn¡p¶p. AXnemWv R§Ä kaÀ¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. Ct¶mfw R§Ä AXn Xs¶bmWv tNÀ¶v \n¡p¶Xv. R§fpsS `mjbn AhXcn¸n¡s¸« tXmdbpw kphntij§fpw B {]hmNI·mÀ R§Ä¡v ssIamdnbn«pWvSv. C¡mcy§sfÃmw AhcpsS {KÙ¯n JpÀB\n {]kvXmhn¡p¶papWvSv. C{_mlnw F¶ A[ymb¯n AXv C{]Imcw hmbn ¡mw:
""bmsXmcp ssZhZqXs\bpw Xsâ P\Xbv¡v (Imcy§Ä) hniZoIcn¨v sImSp¡p¶Xn\v thWvSn, AhcpsS `mjbn (ktµiw \ÂIns¡mWvSv) AÃmsX \mw \ntbmKn¨n«nÃ. A§s\ Xm³ Dt±in¡p¶hsc AÃmlp ZpÀam ÀK¯nem¡pIbpw, Xm³ Dt±in¡p¶ hsc t\Àhgnbnem¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. Ah\s{X {]Xm]nbpw bpIvXnam\pam bn«pÅh³''(14:4)
IqSmsX, ""XoÀ¨bmbpw Hmtcm kap Zmb¯nepw \mw ZqXs\ \ntbmKn¨n «pWvSv'' (16:36)
am{XaÃ, ""\n\¡v ap¼v ]e ZqX³ amscbpw AhcpsS P\Xbnte¡v \mw \ntbmKn¨n«pWvSv. F¶n«v
hyIvXamb sXfnhpIfpw sImWvSv AhÀ(ZqX³amÀ) AhcpsSbSp¯v sN¶p''(30:47)
AXmbXv Cu {KÙw _lpssZhmcm[mIcmb Ad_nIÄ¡pÅXmWv. sXfnhmbn Cu hN\w hmbn¡pI:
""Ckvemw(ssZh¯n\pÅ BXvam À¸Ww) AÃm¯Xns\ Bsc¦nepw aXambn B{Kln¡p¶ ]£w AXv A h\n \n¶v Hcn¡epw kzoIcn¡s¸Sp ¶XÃ. ]ctemI¯n Ah³ \jvS ¡mcn s]«h\pambncn¡pw'' (3:85)
AhÀ ]dªp: ""At¸mÄ \oXn ]cnKWn¡pt¼mÄ Cu kqà¯nse \ym bhn[n AhÀ Ad_nIÄ¡v _m[Iam Wv. Ahcnte¡mWv Ckvemw Ab¡s¸«Xv. asämcp cmPy¡mscbpw B hm¡pIÄ Dt±in¡p¶nÃ. AÃmlp \oXnam\msW¶ Imcyw apJhnes¡Sp¡pt¼mÄ X§fpsS `mjbneÃmsX AhXcn¸n¡s¸« {KÙs¯ aäp tZi¡mtcmSv ]n³]äm³ ]dbp¶Xv Ahsâ \oXn¡v tbmPn¨XÃ. BbXn\m Ad_n{KÙhpambn h¶ B {]hmNI\pw {KÙhpw Ad_nIÄ¡v am{XapÅXmWv''
BZy A[ymb¯nse AhcpsS hm ¡pIfmWnh. AXn AhÀ JpÀB\nse AhcpsS hnizmkhpamtbm Ahnizmkhpamtbm aÃnSp¶nÃ. AhÀ¡v BsI ]dbm\pÅXv "CXv AhÀ¡mbn Cd¡s¸«XÃ, AXv _lpssZhmcm[Icmb Ad_nIÄ¡pÅXmbXn\m R§Ä¡v _m[IaÃ'

`mKw 2
ss{IkvXhcpsS AhImihmZ§Ä¡pÅ adp]Sn.

1. {]hmNI³ (k)sb¡pdn¨pÅ hr ¯m´¯nse ss{IkvXhhmZKXnIfpsS \ncÀYIX:
InkvXym\nIÄ kwhmZ¯n {]hmNI³ (k) sb¡pdn¨pÅ hr¯m´ §fnse hmZKXnIÄ¡v JpÀB\nIhN\§fn \n¶pw sXfnhv IsWvS¯p¶Xv XnI¨pw Aw_ÔamWv. ImcWw, JpÀB³ AhcpsS s]mÅbmb AhImihmZ§Äs¡XnscbpÅ adp]SnbmWv. AXv AhÀ¡\pIqeamb H¶Ã. am{XaÃ, ap³Ime {]hmNI·mÀs¡ Ãmw Cd¡s¸« {KÙ§fn Hs¶mgnbmsX AhcpsS AÀYiq\yamb AhImihmZ§Äs¡XncnepÅ adp]Sn Xs¶bmWv DÅXv. apl½Zv \_n (k) \ntbmKnX\msb¦nepw Csænepw At±l¯n\v AhXoÀWamb {KÙw ap³Ime {]hmNI·mcpsS A[ym]\§Ä¡pw hm¡pIÄ¡pw kam\amsW¶Xv A\ntj[ykXyamWv. Ahsbt¸mse CXpw(JpÀB³) ChcpsS kaoIcWw XpS§nb sXämb aXhnizmk§sf \ncmIcn¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. AhcpsS hmZKXnIÄ¡v bpànt]mepw FXncmsW¶v ImWmw. \_n (k) ¡v \ÂIs¸« ktµihpw aäp {]hmNI·mÀ¡p \ÂIs¸« ktµihpw ChcpsS hmZapJ§Äs¡m¶pw Xs¶ sXfnhmIpIbnsöpw AXv bpàn¡v t]mepw FXncmsW¶pw \ap¡v Dd¸n¨p ]dbm³ Ignbpw. F¶m \_n (k) bpsS ktµihpw aäp {]hmNI·mcpsS ktµihpw hyàambpw IrXyambpw AhcpsS sXfnhpIsf \njv{]`am¡pIbpw AXnep]cnbmbn {InkvXob hnizmk¯nse Ir{XnaXzs¯ Xpd¶p ImWn¡p¶ sXfnhpIÄ \ÂIpIbpw sN¿p¶p. apl½Zv \_n (k) sbbpw At± l¯n\v AhXoÀWamb {KÙ¯nse Hcp hm¡ns\t¸mepw hnizkn¡m¯ Hcmfn \n¶pw AbmfpsS hmZ§fn \_nbpsS hN\§fpw A[ym]\§ fpw D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv H«pw kzoImcyaÃ. {]hmNI·mÀ AÃm¯hcpsS hm ¡pIÄ {]tbmKn¡p¶Xv Hcfhv hsc a\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv. ImcWw, AhcpsS Nne hm¡pIÄ AhcpsS hmZ§ sf Øm]n¡p¶Xpw NneXv A§s\bÃm¯XpamImw. F´mbncp¶mepw {]hmNI·mcpsS hm¡pIÄ sam¯¯n ]cnKWn¡pItbm Asæn XnckvIcn¡pItbm BWv sNt¿WvSXv. Ahbn NneXv hnizkn¡pIbpw NneXv hn«pIfbpIbpw sN¿pI F¶Xv AhcnepÅ hnizmk¯n\v Xs¶ FXncmWv F¶Xn\m AXv AwKoIcn¡mhp¶ coXnbÃ.

A{]Imcw Xs¶ {InkvXym\nIÄ AhcpsS Nne ImgvN¸mSpIsf Øm]n¡m\mbn JpÀB\nse kqà§Ä D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv AkzoImcyamWv. ImcWw, AhcpsS Bib¯n\v sXfnhmIpsa¶v IcpXp¶h am{Xw AwKoIcn¡pIbpw AXns\ \njv{]`am¡p¶hsb Hgnhm¡pIbpamWv AhÀ sN¿p¶Xv. F¶m CXn\v hn]coXambn apkvenwIÄ¡v {]hmNI·mcpsS NcyIsfbpw hN\§sfbpw AhÀ¡v \ÂIs¸« {KÙ§sfbpw {InkvXym\nIfpambpÅ kwhmZ¯n D]tbmKn¡mhp¶XmWv. ImcWw, apkvenwIÄ aqkm (tamsi)u, Cukm(tbip)u, ZmhqZv(ZmhoZv)u, kpsseam³(tkmfa³)u XpS§n FÃm {]hmNIcpsS bpw {]hmNIXz¯nepw AhcpsS k tµi§fpsS kXyXbnepw hnizkn¡pIbpw AwKoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶hcmWv. CkvemanI hnizmk{]amWa\pkcn¨v Hcp apkvenan\v AÃmlp AhXcn¸n¨ FÃm ssZhnI {KÙ§fnepw Ah³ \ntbmKn¨ FÃm {]hmNIcn epw ZqX·mcnepw hnizknt¡WvSXv \nÀ _Ô_m[yXbmWv. CXmIs«, Ckv emansâ B[mcineIfn s]«XmWv. AXnep]cnbmbn Hcp apkvenw GsX¦nepw {]hmNI\ntem At±l¯n\nd¡s¸« {KÙ§fntem Ahnizkn¨m  AbmÄ AhnizmknbmbmWv KWn¡s¸SpI. GsX¦nepw Hcp apkvenw Hcp {]hmNIs\ \nµn¡p¶psh¦n t]mepw Ahs\ Ahnizmknbmbn IcpXpIbpw Ahsâ càw CkvemanI \nba¯n\v A\phZ\obamIpIbpw sN¿pw. AXmbXv {]hmNI\nµIÄ ¡pÅ \nbam\pkrXamb in£ e`n¡p¶XmsW¶ÀYw. AÃmlp JpÀB\n ]dbp¶p:

""Xsâ c£nXmhn¦Â \n¶v X\n¡v AhXcn¸n¡s¸«Xn dkq hnizkn ¨ncn¡p¶p. (AXns\ XpSÀ¶v) kXy hnizmknIfpw. AhscÃmw AÃmlphn epw, Ahsâ ae¡pIfnepw Ahsâ thZ{KÙ§fnepw, Ahsâ ZqX³amcnepw hnizkn¨ncn¡p¶p. Ahsâ ZqX³amcn BÀ¡panSbn Hcp hnthN\hpw R§Ä IÂ]n¡p¶nÃ. (F¶XmWv AhcpsS \ne]mSv) AhÀ ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp: R§fnXm tIÄ¡pIbpw A\pkcn¡pIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p. R§fpsS \mYm! R§tfmSv s]mdpt¡Wta. \n¶nte¡mIp¶p(R§fpsS) aS¡w.''(2:285)
am{XaÃ, AÃmlp AhXcn¸n¨ {KÙ§fn NneXns\ Ifhm¡ns¡mWvSÃmsX thZ¡mcpsS hnizmkw ]cn]qÀWamhpIbnÃ. F¶mÂ, AÃmlphnsâ {]hmNI\msW¶pÅ At±l¯nsâ hÀ¯am\s¯ Ifhm¡ns¡mWvSv At±l¯nsâ aäp hm¡pIÄ D]tbmKn¨v XÀ¡n¡pIsb¶Xv km[phmb H¶Ã. A{]Imcw Xs¶ apl½Zv \_n (k)bpsS hm¡pIÄ D]tbmKn¨psImWvSpÅ {InkvXym\nIfpsS hmZKXnIfpw kzoImcyaÃ.

asämcphn[¯n ]dªm "AÃmlphnsâ ZqX\mWv' F¶v ]dbp¶ hyàn H¶pIn kXykÔ\pw, A§s\ At±l¯n\v AÃmlphn \n¶v e`n¡p¶ shfn]mSpIÄ At±lw ssIamdpIbpw sN¿p¶p. Asæn At±l¯nsâ hÀ¯am\w Ifhpw, BbXpsImWvSv Xs¶ At±lw \ÂIp¶ ktµiw \pWbmbn ]cnKWnt¡WvSXmWv. {InkvXym\nIÄ apl½Zv \_n (k)bpsS {]hmNIXzawKoIcn¨v At±lw AÃmlphn \n¶v ssIamdp¶ ktµ iw kXysa¶v km£ys¸Sp¯p¶psh¦nÂ, AXmbXv JpÀB\pw hnÚm\hpw (kp¶¯v) AwKoIcn¡p¶psh¦n At±lw ssIamdnb apgph³ ktµi§fnepw hnizkn¡ÂþAÃmlphnsâ asäÃm {]hmNIcn \n¶pw e`n¨ ktµi§fn hnizknt¡WvSXv t]mseþ AhcpsS \nÀ_Ô_m[yXbmbn amdp¶p.

F¶mÂ, AhÀ At±l¯nsâ ktµi§fn Hcp hms¡¦nepw \ntj[n¡pItbm kXyXbn kwibn¡pItbm sN¿p¶psh¦n AhÀ At±l¯nsâ {]hmNIXzs¯ \ntj[n¡pIbpw A{]Imcw At±lw ]dªXv apgph\mbpw Ifhm¡pIbpamWv sN¿p¶Xv. A§s\ At±l¯nsâ ktµiw BNmcm\pjvTm\§fpw At±l¯n\v \ÂIs¸« {KÙhpw D]tbmKn¨psImWvSpÅ AhcpsS hmZKXnIsfÃmw Xs¶ AkzoImcysa¶v am{XaÃ; bpàklaà F¶pw hcp¶p. F´mbncp¶mepw apl½Zv \_n (k) AÃmlphn \n¶v ssIamdp¶sXt´m AXns\ kw_Ôn¨v kXykÔ\msW¦n AhÀ At±l¯nsâ ktµiw apgph\mbpw AwKoIcnt¡WvSXpWvSv. AhcpsS Ct¸mgs¯ aXhpambn (AXmbXv ssIIS¯epIÄ¡v hnt[bamb kphntij§fpw tXmdbpw) At±l¯nsâ ktµiw kacks¸Sp¶nà F¶hÀ¡dnbmw. AXpsImWvSv At±ls¯ kXyZqXs\¶v AhÀ km£ys¸Sp¯nbm AhcpsS aXhpw hnizmk§fpsaÃmw ImelcWs¸«Xpw sam¯¯n amän¯ncp¯epIÄ¡v hnt[bhpsa¶v kzbw k½Xn¡epamIpaXv.
adn¨v, At±l¯nsâ hm¡pIfnsem¶v AhÀ \ntj[n¡p¶psh¦n AhÀ JpÀB\ns\bpw At±l¯nsâ {]hmNIXzs¯bpw Ahnizkn¡p¶psh¶mWÀYw. At¸mÄ Ahsc kw_Ônt¨St¯mfw At±lw Hcp hymP\mbncns¡ At±l¯nsâ hm¡pItfm A\pjTm\§tfm samgnItfm \ÂIs¸« {KÙtam AhcpsS XÀ¡hnXÀ¡§fn D]tbmKn¡m³ km[yX \ÂIp¶nÃ.

2. apl½Zv \_n (k) am\hIpe¯nte¡pÅ {]hmNI³
apl½Zv \_n (k) _lpssZhmcm[Icmb Ad_nIfnte¡v am{Xw \ntbmKnX\mb hyànbmWv F¶p ]dbp¶htcmSv \ap¡v ]dbm\pÅXv: apl½Zv \_n (k) PqX·mcnte¡pw {InkvXym\nIfnte¡pw A{]Imcw Xs¶ Atd_y³ _lpssZhmcm[mIcnte¡pw \ntbmKnX\mb {]hmNI\msW¶Xv Adnbs¸« hkvXpXbmWv. aqkm (tami)u, Cukm (tbip) u XpS§n asä Ãm {]hmNIcpambpw _Ôs¸Sp¯pt¼mÄ apl½Zv \_n (k)s\¡pdn¨v ]pcmhr¯sat¶mWw ]IÀ¶p \ÂIs¸« IÀam\pjvTm\§fneqsS IqSpX hyàhpw {]IShpw al¯chpambn AXv kwØm]nXambpsWvS¶v ImWmw. CXv JpÀB\nepw {]hmNIhN\§fnepw \_n (k)¡v tijw h¶ k¨cnXcmb Jeo^amcpsS \btcJIfnepw ØncoIcn¡s¸«n«papWvSv. am{XaÃ, At±lw BZw k´XnIfnte¡v ""Ad_nIÄ, A\d_nIÄ, tdma¡mÀ, t]Àjy¡mÀ, XpÀ¡nIÄ, C´y¡mÀ, BZnhmknIÄ, A_vko\nb¡mÀ, XpS§n FÃm PmXnhÀK§fnte¡pw At±lw \ntbmKn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p F¶Xv \ap¡v Du¶n¸dbmhp¶XmWv. AsX At±lw Pn¶pIfpsSbpw a\pjycpsSbpw {]hmNI\mWv. Cu \nÀW bw kzmwioIcn¡s¸«Xv IrXyhpw hyàhpw Bbn Ncn{X¯nepS\ofw \qämWvSpIfneqsS {]hmNI³ (k)bpsS injy·mÀ AwKoIcn¨v At±l¯n \n¶pw kzoIcn¨v CSXShnÃmsX ]n´pSÀ¶p h¶Xpamb ktµi§fneqsS bmYmÀYy§fneqsSbmWv. CXv AhcpsS _mlpeywsImWvSv am{XaÃ. temIs¯m«papÅ AhcpsS hym]\¯nsâ bpw km£yamWv. ]Xn\mbnc§fmbncp¶p Ahsc¶v F®w IW¡m¡s¸Sp¶psh¦nepw IrXyamb F®w Adnbp¶h³ AÃmlp am{XamWv.

Cu ]mc¼cyssIamäw B kJm¡fpsS ]n³KmanIÄ (klm_m¡Ä ¡v tijw h¶ Xeapd) IrXyambn tcJs¸Sp¯n AhcmIs« kzlm_nIsf¡mÄ F{Xtbm aS§mbncp¶p. A§s\ Cu ]mc¼cy§Ä \qämWvSpIfneqsS XeapdIfneqsS ssIamdn h¶v, C¶v C¡me¯v {]hnimeamb Cu temI¯nsâ \m\mZn¡pIfnepw Xmakn¡p¶ apkvenwIfn F¯n \n¡p¶p.

Camw apkvenw tcJs¸Sp¯nb Hcp lZoYn Cu bmYmÀYyw \_n (k) {]hNn¨Xmbn hmbn¡mw: ku_m³t ]d bp¶p: \_n (k) ]dªp: ""AÃmlp F\n¡mbn Ing¡pw ]Snªmdpw ZriyamIpamdv `qansb F¶nte¡v ASp¸n¨p. A§s\ AXnsâ Ing¡pw ]Snªmdpw Rm³ IWvSp. Fsâ kapZmbw Cu Zn¡pIfne{Xbpw AXnsâ B[n]Xyw F¯n¡pw''(1)
AsX, At±lw ]dªXpt]mse¯s¶bmWv Imcyw. At±l¯nsâ km{amPyw `qanbpsS Ing¡pw ]SnªmdpapÅ cWvSv {[ph§fnepw F¯n. am{XaÃ, At±l¯nsâ AhnSps¯ ktµ iw `qan apgph\pw hym]n¡pIbpw sNbv Xp. AsX, CXv AXn\pÅXmWv. AY hm AXn\mWv Dt±in¡s¸«n«pÅXv; \_n (k) hnfn¨Xv thZ¡msc, PqX{InkvXym\nIsf, At±l¯n hnizkn¡m\mWv. At±lw \ntbmKnX\mb ktµi¯n hnizmkn¡phm³ F¶mWXv hyàam¡p¶Xv. \_n (k)¡v ap¼v Hcn¡epw bmsXmcp ktµihpw e`n¨n«nÃm¯ Ad_nIsfbpw aäpÅhscbpw At±lw £Wn¨p. AÃmlphn \n¶p Å Hcp {]hmNI\mb X¶nepw ssZhnI{KÙamb JpÀB\nepw ]cn]qÀWambn hnizkn¡m¯hscÃmw kXy\ntj[nIfmsW¶pw A¯c¡mÀ Gä hpw tamis¸« tKlamb \cI¯n Fdnbs¸SpI Xs¶ sN¿psa¶pw At± lw {]Jym]n¨p. A¯cw \ntj[nIÄ s¡Xnsc XymK]cn{ia§fn GÀs¸Sm³ AÃmlp IÂ]n¨Xmbpw At±lw ]dªp. \_n (k) Cu IÂ]\sb t\cn «pw ktµiIÀ aptJ\bpw Ahsc Adnbn¨p.

At¸mÄ Ad_nIfnte¡v am{XamWv At±lw \ntbmKnX\mbsX¶ AhcpsS hmZw cWvSp hnjb§fn H¶ns\bmWv apt¶m«v sh¡p¶Xv; AÃmlp At±ls¯ PqX{InkvXym\nIfnte¡Ã Ad_nIfnte¡v am{XamWv \ntbmKn¨Xv. AYhm \_n (k) Ad_nIfnte¡v am{Xw \ntbmKn¡s¸«h\mWv Ahcnte¡Ã F¶v AhImis¸«n«pWvSv. BZys¯ Dulw icnbmsW¦n AhcpsS H¶mas¯ AhImihmZw \ncÀYIamIp¶p. cWvSmat¯Xv ]cnKWn¨m FÃm aXhn`mK§fpw X¯zimkv{X§fpw apl½Zv \_n (k) PqXss{IkvXhscbpw aäpÅhscbpw Xm³ Ab¡s¸« ktµi¯n hnizkn¡m³ £Wn¨n«pWvSv F¶Xv AwKoIcn¡p¶psh¶v \ap¡v ]dbm\mIpw. am{Xaà Cu £Ws¯ \nckn¨v
t]mcn\p hcp¶hcpambn bp²w sN¿m³ AÃmlp IÂ]n¨n«papWvSv. Cu kXyw Adnªp sImWvSv Bsc¦nepw \_n (k) ""Rm³ Ad_nIfnte¡v am{Xw \ntbmKnX\mWv'' F¶p ]dªXmbn AhImis¸Sp¶psh¦n AbmÄ Hcp hymPw Na¨pWvSm¡pIbmWvþAbmfXn hnizkn¡p¶psh¦nepw Csænepw.

1. \_n (k) PqX·msc Ckvemante¡v £Wn¡p¶p.
apl½Zv \_n (k) bpsS PohnXIme ¯v Xs¶ F{Xtbm PqX·mÀ At±l¯nepw {]hmNIXz¯nepw hnizkn¡pIbpWvSmbn. NnescÃmw At±l¯nsâ a¡mImeL«¯nemWv hnizkn¨sX¦n ]ecpw aZo\mPohnXthfbnemWv At±l¯nsâ ktµi¯n hnizkn¨Xv. Ahcn ]ecpw a¡¡pw aZo\¡pw ]pd¯pÅ {]tZihmknIfpambncp¶p. \_n (k) aZo\bnse¯nbt¸m Ä At±l¯n hnizkn¡m¯ PqX·mcpambn Hcp kÔnbpWvSm¡n. B IcmÀ ewLn¨hcn Nnesc At±lw \mSpIS¯pIbpw AÃmlphn\pw {]hmNI\psaXncn NXnbpw KqV{]hÀ¯\§fpw bp²hpambn apt¶m«v h¶htcmSv A¡mcW¯m t]mcmSpIbpw sNbvXp. At±lw \nc´cambn AhtcmSv s]mcpXn. _\q\foÀ F¶ tKm{XhpambpÅ bp² ]Ým¯e¯nemWv AÂlivÀ F¶ A[ymbw AhXcn¸n¡s¸«Xv. J´Jv bp²w \S¶ hÀjamWv _\qJpssdf¡mcpambn bp²apWvSmbXv. B hnhcw A Alvkm_v F¶ A[ymb¯n hnhcn¡p¶pWvSv. lpssZ_nbbnse Hcp hr£¨ph«n sh¨v At±lt¯mSv {]XnÚ sNbvX (AÀcnZvhm³) kzlm_m¡fpsam¯v At±lw ssJ_À ]«Ww ]nSns¨Sp¯p. AhcpsS F®w 1400 Bbncp¶p. AÃmlp AhÀ¡v \ÂInb Cu hnPbs¯¡pdn¨v AÂ^Xvlv F¶ A[ymb¯n ]dbp¶Xmbn ImWmw.
Cu bmYmÀYy§fpsSsbÃmw shfn¨¯n At±lw Ad_nIfnte¡pam{Xw \ntbmKnXambncp¶p F¶v F§s\ ]dbm\mIpw?

2. Ckvemw kzoIcn¡m³ {Inkv Xym\nItfmSpÅ £Ww.
A¶s¯ ba\nse(\Pvdm³) P\§Ä {InkvXym\nIfmbncp¶p. Ahcnse 60 t]cS§p¶ Hcp kwLw {]hmNI³ aZo\bnse ]Ånbnencns¡ At±ls¯ kµÀin¡pIbpWvSmbn. Bep Cwdm³ A[ymb¯nse BZyhN\§Ä Ahsc kw_Ôn¨v AhXcn¸n¡s¸«XmWv. \_n (k)bpambn kwhmZ¯nteÀs¸« AhcpsS hmZKXnIsf At±lw \njv{]`am¡n. AXn\ptijw \_n (k) Hcp {]hmNI³ Xs¶ F¶hÀ ¡v t_m[ys¸«p. Cu kw`h¯n\v ti jamWv Ahcnse \pWb·msc i]n¨psImWvSv AÃmlpthmSv {]mÀYn¡m³ Ahsc shÃphnfn¡q F¶v AÃmlp \_n (k)tbmSv IÂ]n¨Xv. At±l¯n sâ Cu shÃphnfn AhÀ¡v kzoImcyaÃmbncp¶p. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p:
""C\n \n\¡v Adnhv h¶pIn«nbXn\p tijw Ahsâ(CukmbpsS) Imcy ¯n \nt¶mSv Bsc¦nepw XÀ¡n¡pI bmsW¦n \o ]dbpI: \n§Ä hcq. R §fpsS a¡sfbpw, \n§fpsS a¡sf bpw, R§fpsS kv{XoIsfbpw \n§fp sS kv{XoIsfbpw \ap¡v hnfn¨pIq«mw. R§fpw \n§fpw(IqSpIbpw sN¿mw) F¶n«v IÅw ]dbp¶ I£nbpsS ta AÃmlphnsâ im]apWvSmbncn¡m³ \ap¡v DÅgnªv {]mÀYn¡mw'' (3:61)
XÂkw_ÔambpÅ ]ckv]c IqSnbmtemN\¡v tijw AhÀ Hcp Xocpam\¯nse¯n. AhÀ At\ym\w ]dªp. "\nÝbambpw, \n§Ä¡dnbp tam Cu a\pjy³ Hcp {]hmNI³ Xs¶bmWv. ssZhnI Bcm[Icn Hcp Iq«s¯ X§fpsS \pWs¡XnscbpÅ im]{]mÀY\bnte¡v GsX¦nepw Hcp {]hmNI³ £Wn¨n«psWvS¦n B £Ww kzoIcn¨hsc AÃmlp Ahsâ in£bm \in¸n¡mXncp¶n«nÃ. BbXn\m At±lt¯mSv \ap¡v ta "Pnkvb'(I¸w) Npa¯m³ ]dbpIbpw AXv \ÂInsImWvSv B im]{]mÀY\bn \n¶pw \ap¡v tamN\w t\SpIbpw sN¿mw''
\manhnsS ImWp¶Xv AhÀ AÃmlphnsâ {]hmNI³ (k) X§Äs¡Xncn  im]{]mÀY\ \S¯ptam F¶v `bs¸«p F¶mWv. ImcWw, At±lw kXy {]hmNI\msW¶v AhÀ a\Ênem¡nbncp¶p. A{]Imcw AhÀ AÃmlphn sâ Xocpam\{]Imcw {]hmNI³ (k) \n Ýbn¨ Zn½nIfpsS Pnkvb kzta[bm \ÂIm³ Xocpam\n¡pIbmbncp¶p.
\_n¡v Pnkvb \ÂInb BZy{InkvXym\nIÄ A¡q«cmbncp¶p. {]hmNI³ (k) Bandp_v\p lkvans\ Ahcp sS ssIImcyIÀ¯mhmbn \nban¡pIbpw sNbvXp. At±lw(lkvav) AhÀ¡mbn CkvemanI \nba§fS§p¶ Hcp {]kn²{KÙw FgpXn \ÂIpIbpWvSmbn. A§s\ AÃmlphnsâ {]hmNI³ (k) \nban¨ Bandp_v\plkan A³kmcnbpsS ta t\m«¯n AhÀ AÃmlphnsâ \nba§Ä¡pw {]hmNI\pw IosgmXp§n.
Cu {]kn²Ncn{Xw PohNcn{XImc(2) ·mcpw JpÀB³ hymJymX¡fpw(3) lZoYv t{ImUoIcn¨ ]ÞnXcpw \nbahnimcZcpsaÃmw tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pWvSv. B[nImcnI lZoYv {KÙ§fnepw kp\\pIfnepw Cu kw`h¯n sâ icnbmb hnhcWw hfsc {]kn²ambn tcJs¸«pInS¡p¶p.
_pJmcn lpssZ^¯v_v\pÂbam\nbn (d) \n¶pw D²cn¡p¶p:
""ba\nse `cWIÀ¯m¡fmb AÂBJn_v, k¿nZv F¶nhÀ im]{]m ÀY\ \S¯phm\pÅ Dt±ihpambns¡m WvSv \_n (k)sb kao]n¨p. Ahcn Hcm Ä ]dªp: ""AÃmlphmsW R§fnXv sN¿pIbnÃ. At±lw Hcp kXy{]hmN I\msW¦nÂ, R§Ä Cu im]{]mÀY \ kzoIcn¡pIbmsW¦n R§fmIs«, R§fpsS tijapÅ k´m\]c¼cIfmIs« Hcn¡epw hnPbw hcn¡pIbpanÃ'' AhÀ cWvSpt]cpw {]hmNIt\mSv ]dªp: Xm¦Ä tNmZn¡p¶sX t´m AXv Xm¦Ä¡v \ÂImw. Hcp kXykÔ\mb hyànsb Xm¦Ä R §tfmsSm¸w Ab¡Ww. kXykÔ\Ãm¯ Bscbpw R§tfmsSm¸w Ab¡cpXv. \_n (k) ]dªp: Gsd hnizkvX\mb Hcmsf Rm³ Ab¨pXcp¶XmWv' At¸mÄ {]hmNIinjy·mcn Hmtcmcp¯cpw AXv Xm\mbncp¶psh¦nse¶min¨p. {]hmNI³ ]dªp: Hm A_q Dss_Zv _v\pPÀdmlv Xm¦Ä Fgpt¶Â¡pI'' At±lw Fgpt¶ät¸mÄ AÃmlphnsâ {]hmNI³ ]d ªp: "Cu apkvenw kaql¯nse hnizkvX\mb hyànbnXm' (_pJmcn: 4120)
lpssZ^¯v_v\pbam\nbn \n¶pw _pJmcnbpw apkvenapw kam\amb asämcp lZoYv IqSn D²cn¡p¶p WvSv(5)
d^d³kv

1) apkvenw In¯m_p ^nXv³
2) C_v\p lnimw Akod, C_v\p IYoÀ AÂ _nZmb h ¶nlmb
3) C_v\p PcoÀ, C_v\p IYoÀ
4) _pJmcn
5) _pJmcn, apkvenw